*Semipermeable membrane:
It is membrane which allows the solvent molecule and not the solute molecules, to pass through it.
*Osmosis:
The spontaneous and unidirectional flow of solvent molecules through semi permeable membrane, into the solution of lower concentration to the higher concentration it is called osmosis.
The excess pressure on the side of the solution that stops the net flow of solvent into solution through semipermeable membrane is called osmotic pressure.
* There are 3 types of solutions:
1.Isotonic solution:
Two or more solution exerting the same osmotic pressure are called isotonic solution.
Eg.0.05m urea solution and 0.05m sucrose solution.
2.Hypertonic solution:
A solution having osmotic pressure higher than that of another solution is said to be hypertonic solution.
3.Hypotonic solution:
A solution having osmotic pressure lower than that of another solution is said to be hypotonic solution.
* Osmotic pressure and concentration of solution :
For every dilute solution, the osmotic pressure follows the equation
pie= n2RT÷ V
Where, V is volume of solution ,n2 is moles of nonvolatile solute,R is gas constant and pie is osmotic pressure.
We know that n2÷V=M
Therefore, pie=MRT
*Molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure:
We know that
Pie= n2RT÷ V
If W2 is mass of solution dissolved in V liters of solution and M2 be its molar mass.
Number of moles of a solute is given by
Pie= n2RT÷ V
n2=W2÷M2
Pie=W2RT÷ M2V or M2=W2RT÷pieV
*Reverse osmosis:
The pure solvent flows from solution into pure solvent through semipermeable membrane. This phenomenon is called reverse osmosis.
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