Crystalline solids & Amorphous solids 👩‍🏫

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 1. Crystalline  solids :

                       Study of crystalline solids indicate that they posses the following characteristic properties.

  1. There is a regularity and periodicity in the arrangement of constituent particals in crystalline solids. The ordered arrangement of particles extends over a large range.
  2. Crystalline solids have sharp melting points, that is, they melt at a definite temperature.
  3. All crystalline substances except those having cubic structures are anisotropic. In other words their properties like refractive index, thermal and electric conductivity,etc, are different in different directions.
Example of crystalline solids are ice, salts like NaCl, metals such as sodium, gold, copper and materials such as diamond, graphite, ceramics,etc.

2. Amorphous  solids :
                          The particales of a liquid are in constant motion. The stop action photograph of a liquid describes the amorphous state. In fact, they are supercooled liquids. Amorphous solids have the following characteristics.
  1. The constituent particles in amorphous  solids  are randomly arranged. The particles do not have long range ordered structure, but they do a short range order.
  2. Amorphous solids are isotropic. In other words, their properties  such as refractive index, conductivity are all independent of direction on measurement. They exhibit the same magnitude for any property in every direction.
  3. Amorphous solids di not have sharp melting points. They melt            gradually over a temperature interval. On heating, amorphous solids gradually and continuously soften and start to flow.
Glass, plastic, rubber, tar, and mettallic glass are few examples of amorphous solids. 
  
        

                  *   Types of ligands


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