PROTOCOLS
• Domain name system(DNS)
• Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)
• Simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP)
• Post office protocol(POP)
• File transfer protocol(FTP)
• Internet mail access protocol(IMAP)
• Multipurpose internet mail extension(MIME)
• Terminal NETwork(TELNET)
• Dynamic host configuration protocol(DHCP)
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
• Domain name server, the system that automatically translates internet addresses to the numeric machine addresses that computers use. • The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like nytimes.com or espn.com. Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources. • Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address which other machines use to find the device. DNS servers eliminate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses such as 192.168.1.1 (in IPv4), or more complex newer alphanumeric IP addresses such as 2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2 (in IPv6).
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
•HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. •It is a protocol used to access the data on the World Wide Web (www). •The HTTP protocol can be used to transfer the data in the form of plain text, hypertext, audio, video, and so on. •This protocol is known as HyperText Transfer Protocol because of its efficiency that allows us to use in a hypertext environment where there are rapid jumps from one document to another document
SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER POTOCOL
Email is emerging as one of the most valuable services on the internet today. Most internet systems use SMTP as a method to transfer mail from one user to another. SMTP is a push protocol and is used to send the mail whereas POP (post office protocol) or IMAP (internet message access protocol) is used to retrieve those emails at the receiver’s side. SMTP Fundamentals SMTP is an application layer protocol. The client who wants to send the mail opens a TCP connection to the SMTP server and then sends the mail across the connection. The SMTP server is an always-on listening mode. As soon as it listens for a TCP connection from any client, the SMTP process initiates a connection through port 25. After successfully establishing a TCP connection the client process sends the mail instantly.
POST OFFICE PROTOCOL
• The Post Office Protocol (POP3) is an Internet standard protocol used by local email software clients to retrieve emails from a remote mail server over a TCP/IP connection. • Due to its basic method of storing and receiving email, POP3 is compatible with any email program that has been configured to host the protocol. FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL • The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network. • FTP is built on a client–server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. • FTP users may authenticate themselves with a cleartext sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it
INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL
• Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an application layer protocol that operates as a contract for receiving emails from the mail server. Features of IMAP : •It is capable of managing multiple mailboxes and organizing them into various categories. •Provides adding of message flags to keep track of which messages are being seen. •It is capable of deciding whether to retrieve email from a mail server before downloading. •It makes it easy to download media when multiple files are attached.
MULTIPURPOSE INTERNET MAIL EXTENSION
• MIME is an extension of the widely implemented Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) encoding standard, which defines how the body portion of an SMTP message is structured and formatted. • S/MIME is a protocol for the secure exchange of email and attached documents originally developed by RSA Security. Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) adds security to Internet e-mail based on the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) method and adds support for digital signatures and encryption to SMTP mail to support authentication of the sender and privacy of the communication. Note that because HTTP messages can transport MIME data, they can also use S/MIME.
TERMINAL NETWORK
TELNET stands for Teletype Network. It is a type of protocol that enables one computer to connect to the local computer. It is used as a standard TCP/IP protocol for virtual terminal service which is provided by ISO. The computer which starts the connection is known as the local computer. The computer which is being connected to i.e. which accepts the connection known as the remote computer.
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATIO N PROTOCOL
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used to dynamically assign an IP address to nay device, or node, on a network so they can communicate using IP (Internet Protocol). DHCP automates and centrally manages these configurations. There is no need to manually assign IP addresses to new devices. Therefore, there is no requirement for any user configuration to connect to a DHCP based network. THANK YOu
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